Basic Human Biology

Digestive System

Digestion is the process that is used when food is broken down into tiny pieces so your body can use these pieces to help build cells, nourish cells, and to provide your body with energy.

The digestive system includes:

  • Mouth and Salivary Glands
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small Intestine
  • Large Intestine


The first process in digestion begins with the mouth and salivary glands. Saliva, which is produced by the salivary glands mixing with food and helps to:

  • Break down food
  • Moisten the food to aid in swallowing


The esophagus is a muscular tube that the moistened food travels through to enter your stomach.

The stomach

  • Stores the food and liquids
  • Mixing the food with digestive juices that are produced by the stomach
  • Empties the food into the small intestines


The small intestine is the last stop in digestion. Here the food will mix with other enzymes and then absorb the nutrients needed for your body. The large intestine removes all the water, salts from the digested food, and creates a solid form to be disposed.