Basic Human Biology

Nervous System

The nervous system is made up of billions of neurons with long, interconnecting processes that form complex integrated electrochemical circuits. With the help of these neuronal circuits the living beings experience sensations and responds appropriately.

The nervous system is divided into two parts, the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system.

The peripheral nervous system is formed by:
Neurons of cranial and spinal nerve.

The central nervous system is formed by: Neurons of the spinal cord, brain stem, Cerebellum, and cerebrum.

The other parts of the nervous system are:
  • Neurons
  • Sensory receptors and Special Senses
  • Nerves or Nerves bundle
  • Spinal Cord
  • Brain


Neurons: the nerve cells of neurons is the basic functional unit of nervous system
Sensory Receptors and Special Senses: they take up changes in homeostatic norms and activate nerves.
Nerves/Nerve bundles: They function as messengers, Carry messages to and from specific muscles, organs, etc. and the spinal cord.
Spinal Cord: composed of neurons which works as a messenger and carry messages to and from the brain.
Brain: Integrates and organizes the afferent input to determine appropriate efferent response.